Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen Free Essays

Free Reading A Guide to Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen â€Å"Follies and babble, impulses and irregularities do redirect me, I own, and I chuckle at them at whatever point I can. † Special Considerations Copyright Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights held. We will compose a custom paper test on Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The Novel at a Glance Pride and Prejudice (1813) is a satire of habits that investigates how contemplations of cash, family foundation, and individual vanity can entangle the course of genuine affection. Setting: Mostly in rustic Hertfordshire in England in the late eighteenth century. Hero: Elizabeth Bennet, the most insightful and complex girl in a group of five unmarried isters who have no possibility of acquiring riches. Structure: The tale is isolated into three each partitioned into many short sections. The plot includes sets of sweethearts who appear to be predetermined never to get together as a result of the resistance of amazing blocking fgures and powers. The couples, notwithstanding, in the wake of uniting the whole network, are joyfully hitched at long last. Clashes: The plot is moved by the need of the female characters to discover appropriate spouses. The principle clashes are the hindrances or obstructs that impede accomplishing these relationships. The obstructions are both outside (the need of magnificence, cash, sense, r social associations) and inside (a failure to recognize the genuine character or sentiments of another). Goals: By gaining from her experience and sincerely assessing herself, Elizabeth increases a spouse who isn't just well off however commendable. She beats her preference against Fitzwilliam Darcy, which depended on his appearance of pride, and he conquers his bias against her family, which depended on pride in his own social status and great habits. Subjects: Knowledge comes through caretul thinking and thought about understanding, unclouded by pride or partiality dependent on rank or simple appearances. Of Special Note: By methods for comic incongruity and mocking embellishment, Austen uncovered the social and good indiscretions of her general public. The jargon of Pride and Prejudice should represent no serious issues to upper-grade-level understudies perusing at grade level, however all understudies, particularly those perusing underneath grade level, ought to be set up to experience a general public whose social and monetary conditions are uniquely not the same as those of today. They can become familiar with a lot about Austen’s world from the novel itself, however some comprehension of the British arrangement of acquired riches and the situation of sign inside that framework during the mid nineteenth century will help arrange them. Foundation Entailed Property. In the conventional British class framework, riches was passed on by means of the legacy of family property, a yearly pay forever, or both. Acquired riches presented definitely more status than cash earned by work. Family homes were generally acquired by the most established child; and different children, and in some cases little girls, were given littler earnings. An involve is a limitation on the legacy of family property, and on account of the Bennets, the involve specified that Longbourn, the family home, be given to a male cousin. The Eighteenth-century Gentlewoman. The Bennet sisters were considered honorable women on the grounds that their dad had acquired some riches and hence didn't need to work to procure cash. On account of the involve, nonetheless, they would not acquire any abundance of their own, not at all like Georgiana Darcy and Caroline Bingley, whose fathers’ domains were huge to the point that all the kids were assigned to acquire. Since it was not decent or by and large even attainable for respectable women to work, the Bennet sisters had no choice yet to discover spouses who could bolster them and keep up their situation in the class to which they were conceived. In the event that they didn't wed, hello would need to rely upon the liberality of male family members. Jane Austen’s own circumstance was run of the mill of the time: she stayed with her dad until he kicked the bucket and afterward moved to her brother’s house. What was not commonplace was that she composed books and was paid for her work. Pride and Prejudice 1 Mrs. Bennet, a unimportant lady, set on making favorable counterparts for her five little girls yet inadequate with regards to the capacity to Judge the value of their forthcoming admirers. She offers senseless remarks, otten at unseemly occasions. Mr. Bennet, an astute however typically reserved man who looks on his significant other and the conjugal difficulties of his little girls with segregated beguilement. Outstanding for clever remarks. Jane Bennet, the oldest little girl (in her mid twenties), excellent and good natured, consistently prepared to respect others and unobtrusively of herself†the companion and foil of her sister Elizabeth. Elizabeth Bennet, from the start excessively fast and sure about her Judgments, she refines her insight into herself and her capacity to assess others. More blunt and stubborn than her sister Jane. Mary, Catherine (Kitty), and Lydia Bennet, the three more youthful sisters, level characters who change little because of experience. Mary is a know-it-all with no genuine information. Lydia’s cheerful dispositions are intemperate by acceptable ense. Charles Bingley, a gorgeous, well off, and pleasing youngster, who becomes hopelessly enamored with Jane however whose romance of Jane isn't empowered by his companion Darcy or his stylish sister Caroline, who wishes to wed Darcy. Capacities as a foil for Darcy. Fitzwilliam Darcy, an attractive, honorable man of his word, beneficiary to incredible property and riches. A saved man, peevish with outsiders and aware of social status. He strikes the Bennets as cold and detached. Becomes hopelessly enamored with Elizabeth. Reverend William Collins, a pastor and cousin of Mr. Bennet, who has charmed himself with the considerable Lady Catherine de Bourgh and stands to acquire Longbourn. He is acknowledged by Elizabeth’s plain, handy companion, Charlotte Lucas, after Elizabeth dismisses his propositions to be engaged. Step by step instructions to refer to Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen, Papers

Microsoft Analysis Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Microsoft Analysis - Term Paper Example The reason for this paper is to examine the tasks of Microsoft utilizing an assortment of business explanatory instruments Mission, Vision, Stakeholders The statement of purpose of Microsoft Corporation is â€Å"Our strategic qualities are to help individuals and organizations all through the world understand their full potential† (Microsoft, 2011). As an open organization the firm’s activities must agree to the wellbeing of an assortment of partner gatherings. A portion of the partners that Microsoft must react too are the investors, representatives, top managerial staff, official supervisory crew, providers, moneylenders, network, and the administration. The organization has huge desires and dreams for what's to come. â€Å"At Microsoft, we accept the most captivating advanced encounters will develop out of the mix of four things: savvy gadgets, cloud-based administrations, normal types of cooperation among individuals and innovation, lastly, people’s imaginat ions† (Microsoft, 2011). Five powers of Competition The danger of new participants in the product business is high. There are a great many programming organizations in the commercial center. It is conceivable that one of these organizations may have the option to build up another working framework to contend straightforwardly with Microsoft. In the gaming portion it appears as though the business works as an oligopoly with Sony and Nintendo being the main rivals. It takes billions of dollars and long periods of examination to build up another gaming console. The dealing intensity of providers is low. Microsoft can exploit economies of scale to show signs of improvement costs from providers. The haggling intensity of purchasers is medium low. Purchasers are happy to address the market cost for programming in spite of its relative significant expenses. The purchaser power increments during specific seasons, for example, Christmas. The danger of substitute is medium. Regarding wo rking framework I would group the purchaser power as low because of the absence of genuine substitute in spite of the presence of Linux and Mac PCs. In the gaming business substitute are medium since there are just two contenders. The contention among firms contending in the business is high. Because of the extreme rivalry organizations need to spend a great deal of cash on showcasing. SWOT One of the qualities of Microsoft is its solid monetary position and history of extraordinary budgetary execution. The company’s value is viewed as a blue chip stock. The organization created in 2011 deals of $69.94 billion. During the previous five years the deals of the organization have expanded by 36.81%. The net gain of the firm in 2011 was $23,150 billion. In examination of the earlier year the net gain of the organization expanded by an exceptional edge of 23.40%. The market capitalization of Microsoft is $216.19 billion. The net edge of the firm in 2011 was 33%. The normal net edge in the product business is a minor 1.9% (Dun and Bradstreet, 2011). The net edge of Microsoft was 17.36 occasions higher than the business normal in 2010. The profit yield of the organization was 3.10%. A second quality of Microsoft is the brand estimation of the organization. Microsoft has the pioneer programming industry generally because of the predominant structure of its working frameworks programs. The current rendition of the Operating framework Microsoft is selling is Windows 7. The clients of PCs envision Microsoft as the top brand in the business. Because of the inclination of clients for Windows item most of new PCs come outfitted with Microsoft working frameworks. Another quality

Communication case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Correspondence contextual investigation - Essay Example g the assessments and realities he got from various sources, for example, understanding papers, magazines, and books in the library, he even talked with certain individuals who are truly connected with the difficult he was managing. In any case, the piece of saying â€Å" I don’t care who said that† came the issue emerging. He couldn't present the data with respect to that parcel. He should contact them in a way that is convincing with the goal that the crowd can feel the embodiment of the message and data he is attempting to give. ]Scott should confront the crowd unhesitatingly and indicating reliance and incredibly accepting what he got from his sources, yet in referencing what the city hall leader said with respect to the Mexican issue, that’s where the rebellions of the individuals emerge. He ought not advise that to the individuals. Since such activities of enlightening terrible things regarding others isn't acceptable, most presumably in the event that you are to babble that to people in general. He should keep the name of the individual clean. Also, he should remain honest and acted only the middle person and the facilitator of the message. The message itself that will animate one’s ears to run their thoughts and contemplate the circumstance. As a speaker, you ought to think about the sentiments of the crowd. Continuously consider them as reactors once you toss words from you. They will likely respond on all that you will say. Confirmations and explanations you accumulated will be your safeguard and hotspot for responding to their inquiries. In correspondence there is consistently a maker and a collector and obviously a channel. In here, Scott could be the maker or the channel, in light of the fact that the data originated from him thus he utilizes his self to send the message to the crowds. The crowd in Scott’s case responded viciously with what they heard was said by the chairman of the other city. That speaker’s ought not say before the group hostile things. Because of this individuals around him gave their inputs. Scott and his associates have an immediate association, yet he can undoubtedly

Compare and Contrast of Florida and Hawaii

Throughout the late spring and winter, numerous families like to go on get-aways to tropical areas so as to take in the excellent and astonishing sights that they probably won't have the option to involvement with home. Two well known spots to visit are Florida and Hawaii. While many accept that one sea shore network is tantamount to some other, there are numerous contrasts among Hawaii and Florida that make them appropriate for various individuals, contingent upon what sort of get-away they need to understanding. Specifically there are contrasts in the way of life, climate, and attractions of these two sea shore networks. Albeit both Florida and Hawaii are tropical areas, their societies are a long way from comparable. Florida has a very â€Å"typical† American feel to it. It is wealthy in occupied avenues, shouting kids, discourteous and unpleasant individuals, and fat-filled cafés with a cheeseburger consistently on the menu some place. Other than everybody being in a swimsuit wherever on a sweltering, summer day, the individuals in Florida are actually the same than you and I. It might appear as though everybody visits Florida for a get-away to escape from their regular day to day existences, yet they truly are setting off to similar issues in an alternate area. In Hawaii, nonetheless, you become a piece of a fresh out of the plastic new experience that you have presumably never experienced. Sea shores there are not fixed from start to finish with eateries and rental shops; rather, they are fixed with palm trees and the entirety of their immaculate, regular ponders that have been there since the islands framed. In Hawaii, you escape from the â€Å"real† world and get an opportunity to encounter the rich island culture that you may never have thought about. The buzzing about of the downtown life and the dreary everyday place of employment of the rural life are not found in Hawaii. It is extremely loose, and consistently appears as though it is another experience sitting tight for you to find it. The food in Hawaii is likewise a takeoff from something that you could get some other day. There are various island nourishments that you could never discover anyplace else, similar to poi, a bread that is made out of purple potatoes, or Hawaiian shave ice, where they join beans with an assortment of kinds of frozen yogurt. Likewise, pineapple is an exceptionally mainstream expansion to pretty much anything you could envision, and the food is normally made to be â€Å"volcano† hot. To the extent a getaway goes, Hawaii is the ideal spot to go to encounter a stunning new culture. Regardless of whether you can't differentiate between the way of life of Hawaii and Florida, the climate effectively separates the two. To the extent tropical areas go, numerous individuals anticipate that the climate should be warm and radiant, searching for an ideal day to go to the sea shore and unwind close to the sea. In Florida, however the warmth and dampness is practically agonizing. It makes you need to quickly hop into the sea to attempt a chill under the blistering sun. Sadly, with the sun pounding on the sea and the mugginess noticeable all around catching the entirety of the warmth, the sea additionally warms up rapidly and it turns out to be increasingly similar to a sweltering tub, which isn't the most unwinding of decision in a warm, summer day. With the entirety of the mugginess in Florida, it is likewise normal for an abrupt deluge to eject and leave you splashing wet like you have been in the sea throughout the day. Regardless of these blemishes in the ideal, tropical climate you expect, when you do get a pleasant day in Florida, it makes you wish the day could never end and that you could never need to leave. Hawaii’s climate causes the greatest days in Florida to appear to be a hot, muggy day in Missouri in August. It scarcely rains in Hawaii, continually leaving you with a pleasant day to go to the sea shore or go on a nature climb. Despite the fact that it might reach up to 90 degrees, there is next to no moistness, so even the most smoking of days feels like an agreeable, cool, blustery evening. Likewise, when you need to hop into the sea and chill, it is quite invigorating. Hawaii genuinely shows the run of the mill climate you would expect out of a tropical island and prompts a loosening up escape for any individual who wishes to appreciate it. Probably the greatest distinction among Florida and Hawaii are the attractions they bring to the table and what you can do with your time in either place. As you may expect, the significant fascination of both Florida and Hawaii are the various sea shores that populate the two states. Past the sea shores, in any case, both Florida and Hawaii offer special attractions that will divert individuals everything being equal. In Florida, one of the significant attractions is Disney World, a retreat intended to let your internal identity free and experience the universe of kid's shows that you looked as a child. While numerous individuals consider Disney To be as a carnival for kids, the recreation center can be delighted in by individuals all things considered. There are numerous other event congregations in Florida that are â€Å"hot spots† for excursions, for example, Sea World, Universal Studios, and Busch Gardens. Another huge travel spot in Florida is the Florida Everglades and Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a monstrous wetland biological system in the southern part of Florida that offers numerous individuals an opportunity to investigate a spot they couldn’t find anyplace else on the planet. While Florida may have entertainment meccas and some characteristic displays to visit, however, it can't contrast and the magnificence of Hawaii. Hawaii might not have event congregations, yet it compensates for it with the entirety of its astounding, characteristic attractions. The sea shores are lovely, with perfectly clear water that permits you to watch a great deal of undersea existence while never getting into a scuba suit. A portion of the nature strolls that you can go on in Hawaii are basically stunning a direct result of all the delightful view that you go en route. You can ride ponies on the sea shore, take a submarine ride through the sea, and, on the off chance that you are sufficiently courageous, even go to the highest point of a well of lava and experience the entirety of the wonderful scene that really develops around it. Moreover, significant fascination in Hawaii is the Pearl Harbor maritime base and dedication. Individuals from everywhere throughout the world, even from Japan go to the dedication to perceive what is abandoned from an incredible American disaster. You can at present observe the oil left in the sea in certain spots, and you can stroll over a glass connect that permits you to look down and see a submerged warship. Regardless of what you decide to do, you are ensured to discover something in Hawaii that you were unable to discover anyplace else on the planet. Regardless of whether the food you eat or the climate you experience, there is a great deal that isolates Florida and Hawaii. The two spots offer a one of a kind encounter that you typically would not have in your regular day to day existence. Be that as it may, you can visit Florida and go to an event congregation with your loved ones; I would suggest seeing Hawaii and experience a culture you may have never observed.

Hot Career Trucking Dispatcher

Hot Career Trucking Dispatcher in spite of the fact that trucking is one of the most sought after callings today because of the expanding requests of nearby transportation needs, the freshest, shiniest armada of large apparatuses can’t run itself-it needs drivers, and similarly as significant, it needs dispatchers! what's more, as the people at careersingear.com know, it needs great dispatchers.dispatchers ordinarily have the accompanying responsibilities:arranging loads for pickup and conveyance and planning with the driversdetermining which truckers and vehicles are suitable for each heap (taking a gander at both vehicle particulars and driver qualifications)determining courses for drivers making numerous stopsscheduling loads by urgencyusing radio/cb, telephone and PC to disseminate assignmentsgathering information for reports, records, and vehicle logs to order statisticssome dispatchers work locally or territorially, and others represent considerable authority in significant distance pulls their domain may incorporate planning with various types of transportation, for example, canal boats, planes and tractor-trailers.a extraordinary dispatcher will likewise be acceptable with individuals, have a collected mind in a distressing circumstance, be efficient and effective, engaged and adaptable, and be set up to adjust rapidly to changes at work. as of may 2014, the activity compensation ranges from $38k to $60k per year, contingent upon manager and the particular duties of the individual dispatchers.the greater part of dispatchers can be found in california, texas, new york, florida, and illinois. 80% of dispatchers have their secondary school certificate or ged; there is no school course of study, yet you can pursue explicit preparing system or train at work. a lot of truckers suggest increasing some understanding out and about before venturing behind the mic-it’ll assemble your believability and give important situational expertise.apply here:â top trucking dispatcher jobsà ¢ salary and work viewpoint of dispatchers for trucking companiesread more at news.careersingear.com

Its About the Story COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Its About the Story COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the most common questions we receive centers around the question of what could be called eligibility for our program. I completely understand where applicants are coming from regarding such questions, but I do want to emphasize that the Admissions Committee at SIPA does not use any sort of formula to admit students. The process of evaluating applicants for admission is very holistic and we look at each part of the application. Besides possessing a college degree, there are no specific criteria for admission. There are surely things applicants can do to strengthen their candidacy for our program but we do not require a specific GPA, certain test scores, a particular major, or a certain number of years of work experience. We get questions such as the following all of the time: I studied a major unrelated to what I wish to study at SIPA. Does this disqualify me from admission? I have not taken an economics class, does this mean I have no chance of being admitted? I have only worked for one year, does this mean I will not be admitted? I did not score well on the GRE/GMAT does this jeopardize my candidacy? The work experience of I have does not really relate to my proposed field of study, is this a problem? Is it worth my time to apply based on my background? There certainly are generalizations that can be made about the majority of those who are admitted to SIPA. The average age of an admitted SIPA applicant is approximately 27. However we have had students as young as 21 join us. The majority of applicants that apply to SIPA have completed a microeconomics and macroeconomics class. Is it a requirement that all applicants have completed such a sequence prior to being admitted? No. I do not want to sound like a politician who is dancing around the question and I understand the desire applicants have for concrete answers, but admission decisions really come down to an applicants story a story the encompasses each and every part of the application. In the past I worked for a school with a strong focus on arts, entertainment, music, and media. One faculty member left an impression upon me because he constantly stated something along the lines of the following: The success of a movie has everything to do with the story. You can have the best actors, the best special effects, the best soundtrack . . . but without a good story such resources just go to waste. Something similar can be said about applicants.   Some applicants possess very relevant experience but are unable to bring everything together in their application.   This may result in a scattered application with no real discernible theme or story. On the other hand, there may be an applicant with seemingly unrelated experience and a major that was far afield from what they wish to study at SIPA, however s/he does a superb job of making sense of all of the parts by weaving all of the parts of their application together into a compelling story.   This might be accomplished through the choice of recommendation writers, compelling volunteer work, and a focused personal statement. The personal statement really is the glue that holds the entire application together.   We would love to interview each candidate for admission but are unable to do so.   Thus your personal statement is where we get to know you.   It is divided into three questions and in question #1 you really should focus on your passion, future goals, what you hope to gain from SIPA, and what you will contribute to SIPA.   Questions 2 and 3 are wide open, but you should write wisely and try to include information that contributes to the story you are trying to convey in your application. In sum, there are general characteristics that we look for in an applicant, but in the end a compelling story, mixed with evidence of academic and professional competence that will allow one to handle our curriculum, is really what helps an applicant to stand out. One final note, some applicants have questions concerning our desire to see evidence of success with quantitative methods/economics at the undergraduate level.   Why is this important?   Well all SIPA students, regardless of degree or major, are required to take a full year of economics, a quantitative analysis class, and a financial management class.   As you might imagine, those with little to no previous experience in these areas would likely struggle greatly with our curriculum.     Also, second year fellowship consideration is tied to academic performance in the first year of study and a certain way to disqualify oneself from fellowship consideration is to do poorly in these classes, which are all first year requirements.   Thus, we do like to see evidence in an application of success in classes that relate to quantitative methods.

Alabama Legal System Administrative Regulations Research - 825 Words

Alabama Legal System: Administrative Regulations (Essay Sample) Content: Alabama Legal SystemNameInstitution 1 Your stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s administrative regulations specifying the licensure process for real estate agents.All through the United States, administrative regulations and licensure process varies for real estateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s agents vary from one state to another. The mainstream of states may offer some form of license in tradeoff to applicants who are at present licensed in another state. Most often, states may waive the national percentage of the examination and certain pre-licensing education necessities for applicants approved in good standing in another state. In Alabama State, an applicant to be a real estate agent must be aged at least 19; be trustworthy and competent to transact business; be a U.S. citizen, permanent resident alien, or a legal resident of the United States; and demonstrate proof of high school graduation or its equivalent. Additionally, he or she must not have had a real estate application or license disallowe d or rescinded in another state in the course of the previous two years (Cga.ct.gov, 2016).Further, the applicant must pass written examination and must have been a real estate licensee for at minimum 24 months of the previous 36-month period. Additionally, one must go through a minimum 60-hour course in real estate sanctioned by the Real Estate Commission. For renewals, there are regulations that one must complete at least 15 hours of CE course work each two-year period. On the fees, an original license fee of $150 applies and a license renewal fee of $95 annually for each year of the license period customarily two years (Cga.ct.gov, 2016). 2 The local ordinance in your municipality governing noise.In my municipality, the law governing noise is very clear and states that "it shall be unlawful for any individual or entity within the corporate limits of the city to make, produce, cause, continue, allow or permit any loud, excessive, unusual or unnecessary noise which unreasonably int erferes with the comfort, repose, health, peace, safety or welfare of others inside the corporate limits of the city." This rule applies to vastly and includes noises from motorized vehicles on public premises, motorized vehicles on private premises, Other than motor vehicles it further includes across property lines, noises created by horns, signaling devices, whistles, exhausts, defect in vehicle or load, noise adjacent to schools, libraries, hospitals, churches, peddlers and participation in noisy parties or gatherings among other various descriptions (Municode.com, 2016). 3 The most recent opinion of your stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s highest appeals court describing the extent to which the state constitution requires that the power of eminent domain be exercised only for a public use.Clauses on eminent domain describes the power a government has to take private property for public use. The U.S. Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s Fifth Amendment necessitates that government employing this power must offer just reimbursement to the property owner. In Alabama, the highest appeals court works on a legislation that disallows the practice of eminent domain to transfer private property from its primary owner to office, industrial, or retail corporations, or residential developers. Further, prohibited is the transfers to another from one private party for drives of generating tax revenue. This provision precludes the application of eminent domain for the determination of gripping the property from one unit and giving it to another basically so that the municipality practicing the eminent domain can obtain improved tax revenue due to the use of that property. However, this legislation bears an exception for wrecked areas, in which case property can be reassigned to a private entity. Alabama law still permits the use of eminent domain for projects for instance transportation infrastructure, utility lines and transmission, parks and government buildings (Kratovil Harrison, 1954). 4 A r ecent federal trial court decision in your federal district describing the standard for summary judgment in federal court.Provisions for summary judgment describes that any party is able to move for summary judgment, categorizing each defense or claim or the part of each defense or claim on which such summary judgment is required. For the standards, the court shall award summary judgment if the movant demonstrates that there is no sincere dispute as to any substantial fact and the movant is permitted to judgment as a concern of law. The court thus should state on the record the details for permitting or rejecting the motion. (LII / Legal Information Institute)For recent federal trial court decision, regarding the claimant, each party pursuing to recover on a claim, counterclaim, or cross-claim or to acquire a declaratory judgment could, at any time after the termination of thirty (30) days preceding the commencement of the action or after service of a motion for summary judgment by the opposing party, move with or without backing affidavits for a summary judgment in the partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s favor upon all or any part thereof. Further, for the defending party, provided is that a party counter to whom a claim, counterclaim, or cross-claim is declared or a declaratory judgment is sought could,...

Edmund Emil Kemper III Serial Killer Essay - 1025 Words

Edmund Emil Kemper III: Serial Killer Edmund Emil Kemper III was raised by a verbally abusive mother and her succession of abusive husbands. He was 69 and therefore there was really no where that he could hide once the police caught on to his murderous activities. At a young age Edmund tortured and killed animals and had fantasies that combined sex and violence (crime library, 2000). Edmunds younger sister said that he would stage his own execution in the form of a childhood game in which he had her lead him to a chair, blindfold him, and pull and imaginary lever, after which he would writhe about as if dying in a gas chamber (Leyton: 1995, 43). By the time that Edmund was finally apprehended by the police he had killed ten†¦show more content†¦After his stay at Atascadero he was returned to the care of his mother at the age of 21. Kemper did not accept responsibilities for his crimes while in Atascadero, he said that his actions were beyond his control. The stay at Atascadero was not beneficial for Kemper, his interactions with the other patients lead him to believe that his sexual thoughts of domination and violence were normal and consequently his fantasies during this time became more intense (crime library, 2000). Although Edmund did well in his studies, he was too tall to follow his dream of being a cop and he did not fit in with the hippies that were all around him. After his return home Edmund worked but still did not get along with his mother. Edmund was very frustrated with his life. At this time he started picking up young hitchhikers and watched how they reacted to him (crime library, 2000). The hitchhikers helped Kemper develop his future plans. Over the next couple of months his car was transformed so as to fit with his plans. He took the antenna off his car, rigged the passenger door to keep it from being opened from the inside and put plastic bags, knives, guns and a blanket in the trunk (crime library, 2000). In may 1972 Edmund pick up two girls from Fresno State college that were hitchhiking to Stanford university. He took the two girls out of town andShow MoreRelatedEdmund Kemper881 Words   |  4 Pages2012 EDMUND KEMPER: The Coed Butcher Edmund Emil Big Ed Kemper III  (born December 18, 1948),  also known as  The Co-ed Killer,  is an American  serial killer  who was active in California in the early 1970s. He started his criminal life by shooting both his grandparents when he was 15 years old.  Kemper later killed and dismembered six female hitchhikers in the  Santa Cruz  area. He then murdered his mother and one of her friends before turning himself in to the authorities’ days later. Kemper was theRead MoreEssay on Edmund Emil Kemper III1432 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered what makes a serial killer tick and sets them off? What makes them want to kill and what is their drive to continue this horrible, sickening journey through their life or what was the cause for them to change their nature in life and create them into these monsters that we see them as today. It takes tragic experiences to cause that like abuse whether it is verbal, physical, or even sexual to cause a sense of damage to a person’s mind and disrupt their ability to comprehend

Essay on Morality is Universal - 1235 Words

Morality is Universal Throughout history, humankind has looked back to the past, to seek the truth about morals, religion, and how they both impact and define civilization. Stories and myths from ancient Greece show overbearing resemblance to our own Bible as both shun the many temptations of our soul either by teaching the value of a characteristic or warning of the ill fruits reaped. Dante Alighieri revealed in his Divine Comedy that Pride, Envy, and Avarice are the three sparks, [the three universal deadly sins] that have set these hearts on fire (Bartlett 80). This statement is quite true for these three enticements have existed evidently in belief systems and moral codes since the creation of fire. One of the most obvious†¦show more content†¦Defying his brother, father, and family for the sake of avarice, Jacob used trickery to deceive his father and steal the inheritance (Genesis 25:13). In this instance, Jacob’s theft and departure results in a family torn to pieces. This lesson of greed turned disaster is a valued one that today’s society must incorporate in order to reach a higher level of being. Unfortunately, pleasant epithets such as acquisitiveness and determined that are viewed in the business world as favorable mask this foul character trait in our present culture. Today, there are no gods and goddesses to openly and immediately prosecute the cupidity and so this character trait spreads like wild fire from one cut-throat to the next. Instead, the greedy realize their blunder only at death when they fall from the glorious gates of Heaven to fiery depths of Hell, where they can covet only fire from their neighbor. Mythological and biblical text most often target arrogance of all moral lessons. The Bible clearly warns, Pride goes before destruction, and a haughty spirit before a fall (Proverbs 16:18). One of the many myths in Grecian time that cautions the vile effects of hubris is the folk-tale of Arachne (Switzer 25). Arachne was so skilled in t he art of weaving that observers came from miles around to watch her enchanting motions on the spinner produce such magnificent tapestries. Over time, the girl’sShow MoreRelatedThe Illusion Of Universal Morality1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe Illusion of Universal Morality Darian Scherbluk OOOOOOO SCS 1150 Professor Stuart Chambers November 17th, 2015. 1 Throughout the chapter â€Å"Moral Disagreement† in his work Cosmopolitanism, Kwame Anthony Appiah analyzes the issues of morality. Appiah essentially presents his argument in a manner which questions the concept of what is ethically right and wrong. Furthermore, he believes that societies and individuals will inevitably experience moral disagreements. From the author’s perspective, â€Å"IfRead MoreCultural Relativism : A Universal Standard Of Morality1480 Words   |  6 Pages(Fastiggi, 2013, p.30). The universal standards of morality do not exist between cultures rather it exists within cultures which prevents other cultures form being judged (Rachels, p.2). This means that the rights and wrongs are based upon an individual’s culture so an action considered moral in one society can be immoral in another. Cultural relativism is invalid because it is self-refuting and does not have objective standards. However, cultural relativists argue that a universal standard of moral doesRead MoreThe Conception Of Morality Is Present Throughout Human Civilization1181 Words   |  5 PagesEverette Somers Amie Zimmer PHIL 101 Essay 4 The conception of morality is present throughout human civilization. In every society, there exists a paradigm for how one should act. From a broad perspective, it seems that there are some moral principles which are ubiquitous. There are certain activities or behaviors which are believed to be objectively wrong by the majority of individuals across cultures, such as murder, lying, stealing, and betrayal. This indicates that there are virtues—respectRead MoreKant: the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative1542 Words   |  7 PagesKant: the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative Kantian philosophy outlines the Universal Law Formation of the Categorical Imperative as a method for determining morality of actions. This formula is a two part test. First, one creates a maxim and considers whether the maxim could be a universal law for all rational beings. Second, one determines whether rational beings would will it to be a universal law. Once it is clear that the maxim passes both prongs of the test, thereRead MoreThe Moral Instinct By Pinker845 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is morality? Where does our sense of morality come from and why is it important for us to know? The cognitive scientist, psychologist, linguist, and scholar, Steven Pinker discusses this in his essay, â€Å"The Moral Instinct†. In this essay, Pinker claims that our morality sense is innate, it constantly changes, and it is universal among each culture. Pinker also explains that moral sense shapes our judgement as it is something that we value and seek in other people. The science of the moral senseRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Morality1476 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: It is hard, and almost impossible to pinpoint a single human universal on ethics and morality. Ethics among different cultures is so vast, even though every culture does have a standard for ethics which they live by. Although ethics is a broad human universal, there is no specific univers al ethic. Each world religion holds a different ethic as their highest ethic; it is always a case by case basis. Theory: Ethics serve as an adaptive function in modern environment, more than everRead MoreThe Trolley Problem Of The Monist1624 Words   |  7 Pages Kant stressed the ethical view that morality is both necessary and universal, as well as the concept of duty (Guthrie 2). Kant defines duty as an act that is done to benefit others and not for one’s own self-preservation, as well as performing acts without the expectation that the moral goal will be achieved by that action (Kant 14). Guthrie utilizes the discussion of duty to segue into Kant’s view of morality as a priori, or the thought that morality must be based solely upon reason and remainRead MoreHobbes And Kant s Theory Of Morality1447 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundations of morality. Drawing from Hobbes’ Leviathan and Kant’s Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, I will compare their understanding of the foundations of morality. I will discuss the conflicting accounts of the role played by reason versus the role played by desire and inclination in the determination of what is good, evil, right or wrong. Hobbes claims that ordinary experiences establish human beings as self-interested and are driven by desire or aversion and that is why morality is groundedRead MoreRelativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms866 Words   |  4 PagesRelativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms: Their Role in Business Ethics The central thesis of Beauchamp’s argument is as follows: I argue that although a relativism of all moral standards is an untenable position, a lower-level relativism of moral judgment and multiculturalism are morally warranted. I conclude that there is a universal common morality, but that it allows for moral disagreement and legitimate differences of opinion about how to render universal norms specific for business contextsRead MoreRelativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms866 Words   |  4 PagesRelativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms: Their Role in Business Ethics The central thesis of Beauchamp’s argument is as follows: I argue that although a relativism of all moral standards is an untenable position, a lower-level relativism of moral judgment and multiculturalism are morally warranted. I conclude that there is a universal common morality, but that it allows for moral disagreement and legitimate differences of opinion about how to render universal norms specific for business contexts

Ethical Behavior in the Marketplace and How it Relates to the Marketing Concept Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The unethical marketing practice of many companies has been identified during recent years also. For instance, the global fast-food chain McDonald was accused of unethical marketing because the typical burger patty is supposed to contain more fats than any other food. This unhealthy food is marketed by the firm using several appeals and people at large are motivated and tempted to consume the food that is unhealthy. As a result, there were some legal actions also taken against McDonald. A mother of two launched a class-action lawsuit against McDonald's in California in which she claimed that the company attracts the kids towards unhealthy food through their marketing strategy of giving toy with the meal (Olson, 2010). Similarly, American tobacco company Philip Morris is also criticized for unfairly luring American smokers through deceptive marketing practice and manipulated marketing campaigns that totally ignore the harmful effects of smoking upon human health. Due to the unethical marketing practice, the advertising campaign of the company was banned in France (Ziemba, 1996). These examples ascertain that unethical market is being practiced by the companies commonly in different ways where the marketing strategy works to appeal people towards the product while overshadowing its negative effects that is a major violation of the marketing and advertising ethics. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Behavior in the Marketplace and How it Relates to the Marketing Concept or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Abusive Women in Great Expectations Essay example - 990 Words

Abusive Women in Great Expectations One may infer that Dickens may have been attempting to acknowledge the birth of female freedom, due to the industrial revolution, by way of the female characters actions within Great Expectations. Considering that he creates such verbal execution performed by many of the female characters within the novel suggests that women were usually treated as equals, this not being the case. By allowing these women to be verbally and physically abusive, Dickens may have been presenting the distorted idea toward female criminals and violent women. Violence appeared to be a gendered act usually resulting in male over female dominance during the nineteenth century (DCruse 21). Within†¦show more content†¦Joe is challenged rather than submitted to. Understanding this reasoning may give one a better understanding into Mrs. Joe. One may infer that Mrs. Joe did not blame herself for the mistreatment of her brother and husband but felt that they brought it on themselves (Tomes 334). Mrs. Joe expressed no regret or guilt after being abusive to Joe and Pip, as most abusers did not. Although it was typically unusual, due to social acceptability, women like Mrs. Joe who beat and dominated their husbands were subjected to public humiliation as an informal form of popular justice (Clark 188). Although spousal abuse was acceptable as a means of obtaining control, murder was completely unacceptable. Going back to the idea that female crimes were a betrayal of nature, there was an extra twist to murder when the murderer was a woman (Hughes 86). Female murder criminals were stereotyped as Mr. Jaggers housekeeper: oversexed, insane, hormonally unbalanced or suffering from some biological defect (Hughes 68). As Pip is told to look at Jaggers housekeeper--youll see a wild beast tamed--one notices the suggestion of a biological defect, or hormonal unbalance (195; ch. 24). Pip is also instructed to keep your eye on it, as if this woman belongs to neither sex nor is she portrayed as human (195; ch. 24). Murder marked the boundaries of femininity in nineteenth-century culture (Hart 2). Women who were considered incapable of redemption were notShow MoreRelatedDesdemona - Virtuous Woman or Modern Woman Challenging Oppressive Societal Values?989 Words   |  4 Pagesfalls victim to an abusive husband and viewing Desdemona as a progressive woman who contributed to her downfall by being outspoken and challenging the position of women in her time. Both readings are relevant to contemporary society especially when you take into consideration the role feminism has played in shaping modern thinking and the number of abusive relationships portrayed in our media. However as will be shown, contemporary society feels more comfortable viewing women as innocent, pure andRead MoreSpeech Title : Love Should Not Hurt : Domestic Violence Awareness Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pagestitled â€Å"Don’t Believe in the War On Women? Would a Body Count Change Your Mind?†, since September 11, 2001 more American women were killed by an intimate partner than all of the victims of 9/11 and all of the American military fatalities in Iraq and Afghanistan combined (Gidfar, 2012). One woman is fatally shot by a spouse, ex-spouse or dating partner every 14 hours, states Wright (2016) from the U.S. Department of Defense, and these are just the statistics for women, but domestic violence happens toRead MoreWoman’S Strive Towards Self Dignity And It Can Be Done1533 Words   |  7 Pagestakes revenge on Pachayamma by trapping her with a group of companions while plucking cotton pods from her farm. Even though Gangamma knows the pathetic condition of the dalit women which forced them to do it, she makes it a criminal offence. With her economic and political influence, she makes the policemen take the poor women to the police station in a tractor. On the way, Pachayamma asks the permission to pee but she is not allowed. On reaching the station, she lifts her cloths and pees r ight thereRead MoreDomestic Violence: The Barriers to Leaving Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety of risks. Time and time again, the common question arises, â€Å"why doesn’t she just leave?† Most often abused women, at great and potentially fatal risk, do leave their abusive relationships. However, there is a multitude of barriers, including increasing abuse and the potential for re-victimization by the system that does not respond accordingly, and most often force many women to return to their abusers. A woman may become vulnerable as she goes through the stages of leaving her abuser. ThereRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence1682 Words   |  7 Pagesidentify an abuser or the abused. Women are victims of intimate partner violence at a rate about 5 times that of a male. Black females experience domestic violence at a rate of 35% higher than that of white females, and about 22 times the rate of women of other races. Domestic violence is most prominent among women between the ages of 16 and 24. Poorer women experience significantly more domestic violence than higher income women. For both men and women, divorced or separated persons were subjectedRead More Amy Tans The Kitchen Gods Wife Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pagestouchingly beautiful narrative not only tells a story, but deals with many of the issues that we have discussed in Women Writers this semester. Tan addresses the issues of the inequality given women in other cultures, different cultures expectations of women, abortion, friendship, generation gaps between mothers and daughters, mother-daughter relationships, and the strength of women in the face of adversity. Tan even sets the feminist mood wit h the title of the book, which refers to a woman inRead MoreFeminist Criticism Of Great Expectations1190 Words   |  5 PagesFeminist Criticism of Great Expectations The correct portrayal of women in literature is highly significant as women have been marginalized throughout history. Although Charles Dickens wrote powerful and dominant female characters in his novel Great Expectations, Dickens’ portrayal of female strength is unsympathetic considering the period when he wrote this novel. During the Victorian Era, women never had dominance in situations and had less rights than men. In this case, Dickens alienated theRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Great Expectations1449 Words   |  6 Pagesperforms a number of functions, and among these are helping us to understand the world, and helping us to understand the human condition. What is taken from a work of fiction is, however, dependant on who is reading it at the time. In the case of Great Expectations there are a number of themes running through the text including betterment through education, what it is to be a gentleman, respectability and crime, parental /family ties, and industry and i dleness. Many of the original readers of the workRead MoreWhat is Domestic Violence? Essays1749 Words   |  7 Pagesmental, and emotional pain. While abuse can happen to anyone, women are by far the most frequent victims and men are the most frequent abusers. The U.S. department of justice estimates that 95 percent of the assaults on partners or spouses is committed by men against women (Toby). Even though men normally abuse women, there are cases where men are victimized by their partners. Domestic violence is a major cause of injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44 in the United States; the injuriesRead MoreEssay on Woman Hollering Creek - Dreams vs. Reality826 Words   |  4 PagesSandra Cisneros describes the lives of Mexicans in a Chicago neighborhood. She depicts the life that women endure as Latino wives through her portrayal of the protagonist, Cleofilas. For Cisneros being a Mexican-American has given her a chance to see life from two different cultures. In add ition, Cisneros has written the story from a woman’s perspective, illustrating the types of conflicts many women face as Latino wives. This unique paradigm allows the reader to examine the events and characters using

Homelessness in the usa Free Essays

Psychology Name College Homelessness in the USA There still exist problem of homelessness in the United States long after the United States Housing Act of 1937 made it clear that the federal government would provide safe, decent and affordable housing. It is not that the government has neglected the poorest people in the country. The United States Quality of Housing and Work Responsibility Act of 1998 reveals that the federal government has little role to play in ensuring that every citizen is housed. We will write a custom essay sample on Homelessness in the usa or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is a show that there are other factors contributing to the growing problem of homelessness. In every American city, one is likely to find homeless families living in abandoned buildings, cars, shelters among other places. This paper looks at two biological factors and two social factors that may be related to becoming or being homeless. History on mental illness is one of the contributing factors to increase in homelessness. A majority of the homeless persons experience mental problems as a result of traumatic circumstances that dominate their lives (The United States Conference of Mayors, 2008). The illness takes different forms and mainly affects the functioning of the mind. This makes it difficult for an individual to lead a normal life as it becomes hard to perform daily duties. In addition, relatives or close friends often avoid associating with the mentally ill pushing them to the streets. Depression is one of the most common forms of mental illness affecting homeless individuals. According to the National Institute of Health (201 1), approximately twenty-five per cent of the mentally ill population comes from the homeless population. This is a high figure that is attributed to the stressful situations characterized by the depression. Individuals in such situations have a egative outlook towards life and are constantly struggling to make things work out. A person without a home feels lost and has a general low self-esteem. In addition, such a person has no interest in previous activities that were considered fun and would most likely keep to themselves. The isolation and loneliness often leads to depression for persons living in a homeless community. Moreover, situations that result in depression can result trom actual homelessness or can occur atter the loss ot a home (Marcuse, 1988). Another form of mental illness that has relations with becoming or eing homeless is schizophrenia. However, unlike depression, schizophrenia has biological and genetic components. This means that it does not result from external features like harmful environment or homelessness. The mental condition is devastating as it affects the how one perceives reality. This makes it difficult for one to handle the daily activities. Therefore, it is the condition that makes an individual become homeless. Individuals suffering from schizophrenia display two categories of symptoms. The first category of symptoms is referred to as positive symptoms. They re in form of delusions and hallucinations and cannot be seen on healthy individuals. For instance, hallucinations take the form of smell, sounds, and sights felt only by the affected persons. On the other hand, delusions are consistent false beliefs regardless of whether they are true or not. The second category is that of negative symptoms which are evidently seen in the life of a healthy individual but are not considered schizophrenic. Some of the common symptoms are displeasure in life or activities. It also includes the tendency to stay lonely and avoiding interaction with ther persons. This category also has symptoms relating to cognitive ability whereby an individual is unable to remember information Just received. This includes reduced capability of making informed decisions and solving problems (National Institute of Mental Health, 2011). The symptoms are a cause of distress to individuals who find it difficult to handle even the simplest tasks. This makes it hard for the affected individuals to build lasting relationships and develop careers. In turn, it becomes difficult to maintain a home consequently leading to homelessness. There are many social factors that may lead to becoming or being homeless. Two of the most prominent social factors are poverty and social abuse. Poverty can be as a result of lack of material resources and the unfavorable market condition for housing. This affects the poor who can barely afford to rent a decent house. Most of the homeless are poor and are not well educated to secure well-paying Jobs. Therefore, they are less skilled and survive on the wages whose returns have been on the decline (Quigley Raphael Smolensky, 2001). The rising share of income spent on housing osts is unbearable for the majority of the poor. It has become nearly impossible to own or rent a housing unit. This is the reason why most metropolitan areas have continued to experience an increase in homeless families living within the cities. Measures such as availability of shelter beds in certain cities and regulations that criminalize homelessness have not been successful in bringing families and individuals out of the street. Social abuse is another factor that determines if an individual will become homeless. The most common forms of abuse are physical and exual abuse in childhood. The experience is traumatizing and may lead to major problems such as inability to adjust in all stages of life. There is also increased likelihood of experiencing stress, inability to build lasting relationships, and make good decisions. Furthermore, persons coming from an abusive background are likely to have low self-esteem, which worsens their situation as they become prone to health complications such as going into a depression and substance abuse (Richardson and Bacon, 2003). Children are worse affected compared to adults when t comes to physical and sexual abuse. In addition, children who witness constant violence are also likely to develop negative ettects that lead to homelessness. T atmosphere of violence becomes a part of their lifestyle as they become used to the incidences. Such exposure makes them develop less fear to otherwise dangerous experiences. This is what has enabled most of the children who grow in the street to get used to the harsh conditions. They tolerate the violence and later become perpetrators of the same. How to cite Homelessness in the usa, Papers

Men, Violence and Fight Club Essay Example For Students

Men, Violence and Fight Club Essay Throughout the world, there are ancient paintings and carvings in caves depicting men and how they used tools to defend themselves from, and even attack, creatures. It goes without saying that these men were rather good at using violence, and violence was needed to survive. Today, men find many different ways to prove their masculinity; violence is one of the most basic ways men achieve this. In Michael Kimmel’s Guyland: The Perilous World Where Boys Become Men, he states masculinity is a performance guys put on for other guys. In David Fincher’s Fight Club violence is used as an important emotional appeal to connect to its predominantly male audience, but the two main characters, Tyler and Jack, also exercise violence as a means to perform and express their masculinity on each other. Violence is exhibited throughout the movie as a bonding ritual between the members of fight club, as a means to destroy consumerism. The main characters of Fight Club are similar to the men Michael Kimmel is describing in that both parties are in a â€Å"between stage,† discovering who they are and what their meaning in society is. We will write a custom essay on Men, Violence and Fight Club specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I believe that Jack embodies cultural homogenization, the culture of protection and liminal space better than Tyler. Jack, the protagonist of the movie, embodies cultural homogenization more than Tyler. Micahael Kimmel defines cultural homogenization by suggesting it is â€Å"a flattening of cultures† (Kimmel 26). What Kimmel means by this is that there is no regional flare; outside of guyland, guys do not have any alternative masculinity to perform. Ultimately, their masculinity becomes tied in with consumerism. This example is evident in Jack’s lifestyle: â€Å"If I saw something clever like a coffee table in the shape of a ying-yang. I had to have it† (Fight Club 1999). Jack is not happy living this lifestyle and is aware of his unhappiness and, to compensate, he projects an alter ego: Tyler Durden. Tyler is the manifestation of Jack’s hate for society and consumerism. After a few scenes of fighting between the two of them, which is merely viewed as them bonding. Jack is so sucked up by consumerism that he literally creates a separate identity completely different from his own to combat it. Therefore, Jack performs cultural homogenization better than Jack. Tyler does not perform cultural homogenization as well as Jack. In J. Michael Clark’s article, â€Å"Faludi, Fight Club, and Phallic Masculinity: Exploring the Emasculating Economics of Patriarchy,† he furthers the scope of cultural homogenization and masculinity by saying, â€Å"Consumer culture has emasculated men, pushing them into ornamental and passive roles traditionally associated with the feminine sphere† (Clark 66). In the film Tyler is very adamant about his position on consumerism: he is completely against it. Tyler makes it his duty to become Jack’s mentor and show him the ways around consumerism. For example, Tyler convinces Jack to get rid of all of his possessions, convinces Jack to move in with him in an abandoned house, and finally, convinces Jack that when the people you care for die, i. e. Bob the former bodybuilder, that it’s ok as long as it’s in the name of fighting consumerism. Bob Paulson, the former bodybuilder who was diagnosed with testicular cancer, seems to play a simple yet very important role in the movie. Jack says, â€Å"Bob was a champion bodybuilder. You know that chest expansion program you see on TV? That was his idea† (Fight Club 1999). In conclusion, Jack performs the culture of protection better than Tyler. Kimmel discusses the culture of protection and says it is when a community protects guys who perpetrate violence because they look familiar. He suggests: â€Å"To be sure, the administrators are often hamstrung between complicitious silencer and indigent bribery from the alumni from whom the administrators depend. But perhaps they also believe in the hazing and the binging and the rest of it. .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 , .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .postImageUrl , .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 , .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84:hover , .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84:visited , .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84:active { border:0!important; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84:active , .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84 .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0fd68a9f97bcd3d2412e7a051d90ea84:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Schindler’S List Essay Research PaperThey may even identify with these guys† (Kimmel 119). This is significant to Fight Club because the guys in the club not only â€Å"identify with these guys,† but they also are these guys. For instance, Tyler does whatever and says, â€Å"I relate to the whatever† (Fight Club 1999). Moreover, Jack performs the culture of protection more than Tyler because he embodies anarchy and wants to create a culture of anarchy. I define anarchy as the dismantling of government and capitalism. Westerfelhaus discusses why Jack wants to remove capitalism by saying, â€Å"capitalism is bad for masculinity† (Westerfelha us 52). This is important because Jack protects the guys from government authority as he fights the capitalist patriarchy. As Westerfelhaus was able to observe in his analysis of the many themes in the movie, Fight Club â€Å"is structured around a heteronormative ritual that reaffirms heterosexuality at the expense of homosexuality. That such a seemingly irreverent film upholds rather than challenges the heterosexual status quo is evidence that a religiously based negative view of queer sexuality continues to exercise a powerful influence† (WesterfelhausBrookey;, 306). Overall, this is all embodied in the differences between Tyler and Jack. Bibliography: Brookey, Robert. Westerfelhaus. At the Unlikely Confluence of Conservative Religion and Popular Culture: Fight Club as Heteronormative Ritual. 2004. Clark, Michael. Faludi, Fight Club, and Phallic Masculinity: Exploring the Emasculating Economics of Patriarchy. 2002 Fight Club. Dir. David Fincher. Perf. Brad Pitt and Edward Norton. 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, 1999. DVD. Kimmel, Michael. Guyland. NY; HarperCollins Publishers, 2008.

Tupac Essay free essay sample

Outpace Shaker Outpace Shaker was a famous rapper during the sasss. His unique voice and lyrics made a huge Impact on the hip hop Industry. Outpace became a tragic hero after he got shot and killed on September 13, 1976 in Los Angles. This affected the hip hop industry more than ever. Outpace started showing off his talents at age twelve, when he discovered his interests in acting and writing love songs. After Outpace attended the Baltimore School for the Performing Arts, a lasting impression of him was left on his teachers because of the amounts of potential he showed. When he moved toOakland, California with his family, he started to hang with the wrong crowd, as he would call it. At age fifteen, he fell into rap by writing lyrics and acting like a gangster. Outpace Joined the rap group Digital Underground as a dancer. Thereafter, he produced many albums that were heard throughout the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Tupac Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tubas stunning talent also got him a role in the motion picture, Juice. In November 1994, Outpace was shot five times during a robbery In which thieves robbed Tubas jewelry. He miraculously recovered from his injuries only to produce one of his most impressive albums, Me Against the World.After this, he produced his best album, All Eyes on Me, which has sold over SIX million copies. On September 7th, 1996, Outpace was shot again by unknown gunmen and was pronounced dead on September 13, 1996. Outpace Shaker was undoubtedly the greatest rapper of all time. He served as a tragic hero, because he was a martyr when he died. Even today, a major movie has been released about him called 2 Pace:Resurrection. HIS music was never forgotten as many people still listen to the music he put out. His death made him a perfect example of a modern day tragic hero. De a huge impact on the hip hop industry. Outpace became a tragic hero after he got shot and killed on September 13. 1976 In Los Angles. This affected the hip hop industry more than ever. Outpace started showing off his talents at age twelve, when he discovered his Interests in acting and writing love songs. After Outpace attended the Baltimore School for the Performing Arts, a lasting impression of him was left on his teachers because of the amounts of potential he showed. When he moved to Oakland, California with his family, he started to hang with the wrong crowd, as he would call it.At age fifteen, e fell into rap by writing lyrics and acting like a gangster. Outpace Joined the rap group Digital Underground as a dancer. Thereafter, he produced many albums that were heard throughout the country. Tubas stunning talent also got him a role in the motion picture, Juice. Robbed Tubas Jewelry. He miraculously recovered from his injuries only to produce one of his most impressive albums, Me Against the World. After this, he produced his best album, All Eyes on Me, which has sold over six million copies. On released about him called 2 Pace: Resurrection.

Language Development in early childhood

Language Development in early childhood Introduction Language development refers to the process of deliberate communication using sounds, gestures, or symbols which can be understood by other people (Machado, 1985). Language is double perspectives process which forms the basis for other forms of learning. These two aspects include communicating information, and listening to others (Training Module, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in early childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existing theories acknowledge early childhood as a period during which physical and cognitive developmental processes occur rapidly. These developments form the basis upon which personal success will depend. Language development is one such process that fully depends on the factors presented during this phase of personal growth (Otto, 2010). Stages Language development Children undergo various stages in their acquisition of language skills. The followi ng phases depicts a typical sequences through which the skills develops, although their are diversities in the pattern of growth from child to child (Corporation for National Services [CNS], U.S. Department of Education, U.S. department of Health and Human Services, 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Stage 1: concerns a newborn, whereby it responds to sounds including voices through cries, smiles and coos. Stage 2: concern infant aged between 3 to 8 months; the time during which he or she begins to play with sounds, as well as babbling to others in conjunction to self. Also, in this stage language development is expressed through the waving of arms and kicking of legs. Stage 3: concerns children aged between 8 to 12 months and she or he understands and can react to basic words and signs. Stage 4: deals with children of age 12 to 18 months, the period during which a normal child starts to utter basic words and to follow very basic instructions. In addition, a normal child kn ows its name, and can chatter with a sequence of syllables that mimic expressions. Stage 5: concerns children aged between 18 to 24 months old; the level at which a child can construct two-word phrases, and imitate words and gestures of the grown-ups. It can also ask as well as answer general queries. Promoting child language development The process of promoting language development in children must take into consideration the development stage of the child. The following are some of the ways through which a child’s parent or caregiver can promote language development pertaining to the stage of development (Training Module, 2007). Newborn: Reaction to the child’s cries indicates to the child that s/he can communicate something to you and get a response (Lagoni et al, 1989, cited in Training Module, 2007). 3 to 8 months: it is encouraged that during this stage, the child’s custodian sings to the child while changing his or her diaper. Also, it has been discove red that playing peek-a-boo to the infant enhance language development (CNS et al., cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, the caregiver or parent is encouraged to describe daily routines to the child while performing them (Machado, 1985). 8 to 12 months: During this stage it is commended that the parent or caregiver uses the baby’s name repeatedly, perhaps by incorporating the name in simple rhythmical expressions or songs so that she or he can start to recognize it. , (CNS et al., 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, Machado (1985) recommends giving names to the toys, foods, and other objects surrounding the child. 12 to 18 months: caregiver is advised to entice the child to converse on a toy telephone (CNS et al., 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, caregiver or parent should present rhymes and finger games to the child (Lagoni et al., 1989, cited in Training Module, 2007). 18 to 24 months: during this stage parent or caregiver is encouraged to talk about the previous day’s events, and what will transpire the next day. Concepts of child language development There are five concepts of language development which emerge in children’s receptive and communicative language processes. The receptive language skills maturity precedes and lay the foundation for the development of expressive language process. The following paragraphs will explore these concepts of language development in children (Otto, 2010). To begin with, the phonetic development in toddlerhood involves their ability to express their viewpoints, and constructions of phonemes. Phonemes refers to â€Å"a speech sound that distinguishes one word from another, e.g. the sounds d and t in the words bid and bit. A phoneme is the smallest phonetic unit that can carry meaning† [Encarta Dictionary]. This concept of language development begins to express during toddlerhood when she or he begins to articulate a range of terms. At first, the child’s pronunci ation is unsteadily characterized with day to day variations, and in some cases shorter intervals. In addition, some variations have been observed between children in regard of the mastering of certain syllable (Otto, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, semantic language development in infancy entails initial connection of speech to meaning, conception and receptive semantic ability, direct and vivid events, symbol development signifying speech, and expressive semantic ability. On the other hand, the concept of semantic language development presents between the age 1 and 2. At this stage, the toddler possesses a range of 20 to 170 terms in his or her useful vocabulary. Semantic development depicts variation from child to child depending on their respective familial experiences and background. While the child’s language will undergo gradual transition wi th age, the idiomorphs will still be retained in the child’s verbal expressions. In their hyperactive exploration of their environment, toddlers discover the identity of people and objects (Otto, 2010). Furthermore, semantic understanding of toddles and arising literacy, increasingly progress during the toddler stage of a child’s language development process. Also, the child consciousness of environmental features and meaning, like stop signs, brand on food packets, and McDonalds’s logos increases. This consciousness of written symbols is normally expressed in their behaviors with inscribed materials within their familial environment (Otto, 2010). Thirdly, the concept of syntactic language development on infants concerns the syntactic understanding and story book experiences. Conventionally, infants who are engaged in story book experiences with parent or caregiver get exposed to more complex syntactic arrangement relative those involved in routine conversationa l environment. Noteworthy, as infants approach age 1, their verbal and non-verbal participation increase. On the other side, syntactic learning development in toddlers involves syntactic organization in telegraphic speech, mastering of pronouns, and emergent literacy coupled with syntactic ability (Otto, 2010). Fourthly, the concept of morphemic language development in infants is influenced by phonemic ability. Development of morphemic understanding is dependent upon the skill to identify sound differences related with inflectional morphemes such as; tense indicators, plurals, and possessiveness. Thus, receptive understanding of the meaning transforming features of morphemic develops with the experiences of spoken and read language. In addition, the development of morphemes skill gets clearer when toddlers start to exercise language. This stage is significant in development of morphemic understanding in regard that noun verb compatibility in English impact on the use of inflectional morphemes (Otto, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in early childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Language development in children is largely dependent on the characteristic of the environment within which the child grows. Experiences of a child determine the rate at which a child develops language skills. The degree of parent or caregiver interaction with a child plays a very significant role in a child language development. Also, health issues can slow a child language understanding. Reference List Otto, B. W. (2010) Language Development in Early Childhood Education (3rd Edition).Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Machado, J. M. (2010). Early childhood experiences in language arts: early literacy. Belmont, U.S.; Cengage learning. Training Module. (2007). Language Development of Infants and Toddlers. HighReach learning

Which Fields Have the Highest Paying Administrative Jobs

Which Fields Have the Highest Paying Administrative Jobs According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, administrative assistant jobs are projected to grow by 13.2 percent by 2022. This ever-changing job title comes with a variety of  duties and levels of responsibility, depending on the employer. Administrative professionals  are reportedly assuming more managerial tasks across the board, requiring more skills and knowledge than ever before.Fields that employ administrators are far-ranging- if youre looking for work in the field, you have many  options to consider. Salaries vary depending on the type of administration, experience, and education level.  Lets take a look at some of the most lucrative fields.Real Estate AdministratorAdministration in the real estate field may include recruiting, training and hiring of personnel. Management of the client database, generating leads, and doing follow-ups can also be part of the job description. Real estate administration duties can also include financial responsibilities:  making budget s, paying bills, and handling bank accounts.Working as a real estate administrator pays an average of $46,000 per year, depending  on your location and size of the agency.Legal Administrative AssistantThe Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that administrative support in the legal industry offers among the highest pay- and that can include overtime. While the average annual earnings are $48,000, the amount often increases due to  bonuses and profit sharing. In addition, medical and dental coverage are frequently provided.Youll need to have knowledge of legal terms and principles (as well as the ability to write correspondence and draft documents using these  terms) to be competitive in this niche.Business AdministratorBusiness administrators work in many fields and industries: sales, retail, hospitality, and  management operations are a few. Among other duties, a business administrator may oversee a companys budget and finances and analyze sales reports.Those with associate d egrees may earn  from $25,000 to $50,000 annually; a bachelors degree can bump the annual average salary  up to around $88,000.Academic AdministratorThis support job for teaching departments handles administrative  duties  along with tasks like  resource planning, scheduling, logistics, and project management. The average salary of an academic administrator is around $90,000 for elementary and secondary schools.Database AdministratorThis type of administrator organizes and stores data on special programs, such as   shipping records for customers or  financial information for institutions. To be a database administrator, you must  be able to install, upgrade, configure, and maintain an organizations databases. The average annual  pay of a database administrator is $78,500 per year.Financial AdministratorFinancial administrators, who carry  responsibility for budget information, accounts receivable and payable, and the preparation of financial reports, can work for a large number of different companies: from banks to schools and retail companies. Salary is dependent on the type and size of the company and the duties required.The average salary for this position is around $46,000, but may range between $32,000 and $66,000.When looking for a job, there are many things to consider, such as different fields of employment for which you may be qualified, particularly if you are pursuing a career as an administrator. TheJobNetwork can do your job searching for you by sending you alerts when a job matching your qualifications and interests comes up. The advantage of doing this type of job search is that you are notified right away when appropriate jobs arise, instead of having to perform the search yourself. Once you enter your job interests and qualifications, you can be alerted or you can perform searches yourself to find the perfect job for you.

Change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Change management - Essay Example Change management could either be individual change management or organizational change management. The individual change management consists of three steps – unfreezing, adapting to change and refreezing. The in the first stage the existing mind-set has to be released and then the confusion and transition starts. In the third stage the new mind-set is crystallized and the individual’s comfort levels returns to the previous level. There has to be awareness why change is needed, desire to support and participate in the change, the knowledge how to change, the ability to implement new skills and behavior, and finally sustain change. Organizational change management requires processes and tools for managing the people side of the change at an organizational level. The management needs to first detect the trends in the macro and micro environment. Change in an organization can be due to downsizing, redundancy, change of management through mergers and acquisition, change due to expansion, and most important due to the advancements in technology. According to Worrall, Campbell & Cooper (1999) redundancy is the most evocative and fear inducing form of organizational change for many workers. Landale (2004) believes motivation is the key to empower the staff and get the front line managers to take collectively responsibility. A study by Patterson et al., (1997) confirmed that management of people was more important than the combined effect of strategy, product, service quality, or even the manufacturing technology or the expenditure on R&D (cited by Gollan, 2006). There is a definite relationship between employee performance and their attitude. Communication organizational aims and objectives are important. Difficult issues can be resolved through discussions. Honesty, trust, openness, employee participation, all helps to achieve high motivation among staff. Recognition of staff through promotional material also helped to

The true cause of World War I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The true cause of World War I - Essay Example The period thereafter until 1918 marks the one of the most tumultuous times in world history. The royal murder at the hands of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist secret society, gave rise to an impulsive series of political happenings and fuelled the already existent conflict between Austria and Serbia that unexpectedly culminated into a global war. In order to impose authority on Serbia, Austria issued an ultimatum demanding justice to the murder of their heir. However, the ultimatum was not responded to as expected and Austria declared war on Serbia on 28 July 1914. Russia, Germany, France and Britain (along with all its colonies) plunged into the war as they were bound by treaties to one party or the other. In 1917, United States was finally forced into the war (despite its policy of absolute neutrality) as it received a commercial blow. Subsequently, Japan and Italy stepped into the field as they were in alliance with Germany. Various alliances that came into play during the war owe their roots to Bismarck, the Prussian Prime Minister's desire to unify the loose assembly of German confederation states into a single empire way back in 1860's. These states were primarily under Austrian influence and Bismarck bore ambition to defeat Austria and take over the territories. He finally succeeded in his endeavor and the German empire was created after a series of wars. At a grass-root level, it was Bismarck's foreign policies that eventually led to the sequence of events that we know as the "First World War". Bismarck was a shrewd strategist and in order to lay a reason to inflict war upon France, he tried to place a Hohenzollern prince on the Spanish throne, much to the objection of Napoleon III. He further insulted France and Prussia via telegrams thereby coaxing them into declaring war. The French forces were defeated and the Prussian forces laid siege to Paris along with Alsace and Lorraine. As a consequence, France was compelled to pay enormous reparations and the northern and southern German states allied to form Bismarck's German Empire. Monetary gain made Germany a financially powerful nation and instilled a sense of supremacy among the Germans that led to class conflicts at a later stage that led to internal conflict which Bismarck believed could only be resolved by war. "Bismarck's creation of a unified Germany was of direct relevance to the outbreak of war some 43 years later, since it resulted in the assembly of the key alliances that later came into play"1. In order to stabilize his empire, Bismarck started building European alliances for defense against potentially threatening nations like the French. As a matter of fact, the French plan for war in 1914, was actually aimed at recapturing Alsace and Lorraine. The Three Emperors League formed in 1873 was an alliance that tied Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia but Russia backed out five years later leaving Bismarck with a Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary which contained clauses against Russia. These clauses invoked Austria-Hungary in calling Germany to her aid against Russian support for Serbia (who in turn was protected by treaty with Russia). The Triple Alliance involving Italy in 1881 provided for support from Germany and Austria-Hungary if Italy was attacked by France but Italy entered into a

Evaluation of UK Legislation and Policy on Fracking

Evaluation of UK Legislation and Policy on Fracking AN EVALUATION OF CURRENT UK PLANNING LEGISLATION AND POLICY MEASURES TO CONTROL THE POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF FRACKING ON WILDLIFE CONSERVATION Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction The pace of the development of Britains Shale-gas industry is accelerating due to the current governments policy to progress the extraction of shale-gas, or fracking as commonly known, to provide energy security, growth and jobs (DBEI. 2017). Commercial extraction of shale-gas is not yet in production, but exploration of the recoverable amount available is occurring. Shale-gas could potentially be a resource that transforms the UK energy market and contribute to the national security of supply. However, whilst the economic potential is apparent, the environmental and social implications are unknown. There have been reports of earthquakes (in Lancashire) (DECC 2013), leakage of fracking chemicals and gas (methane) into the water table, where fracking has occurred, most typically in the United States of America (Finkel and Hays 2016). There has also been campaigning by community groups opposed to fracking because of the environmental concerns. Hydraulic fracturing involves injecting a viscous fracturing fluid carrying a proppant, usually select sand, which is left in fractures to hold them open and promote substance migration to wellbores but advances in directional drilling with a greater horizontal reach means that multiple wells can be drilled from a single pad. (Zillman et al. 2015). However, this could include horizontal drilling beneath Nature Reserves, Country Parks, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) etc. Some of the concerns by these new technologies are: (a) Air emissions. (b) Water quality and quantity (aquifer and surface water contamination by fracturing fluid chemicals). (c) Potential seismic activity, particularly in major fault areas. (d) Public participation in regulatory decisions concerning fracturing activities. (e) Transparency, including public disclosure of chemicals and toxicity information. (f) Disturbance creating dust, noise, and congestion in communities that host fracturing operations. (Zillman et al. 2014.) All of which have potential to impact upon humans and wildlife conservation. Consequently, the Law and Policy surrounding fracking and the environment to conserve wildlife will be evaluated. Aims and Objectives This study aims to evaluate current UK planning legislation and policy with regard to the potential impacts of fracking on wildlife conservation. An analysis of the controls available for the protection of wildlife and the compensation procedures that are currently in place will be discussed within this report. The analyses of concerns and opinions of the businesses involved, government policy, wildlife organisations, public and media opinions which may have an impact on future planning policies and procedures, habitat degradation, human health, and wildlife conservation will be undertaken. Case studies, government articles, fracking company media statement and media reports used to illustrate current approach. An analysis and evaluation comparison of two shale gas companies within the two counties of Nottinghamshire and Lancashire, both of which have had planning permission granted for fracking exploration sites. In the county of Lancashire, planning permission was refused not only for an exploration site but for extraction of shales gas. The company turned to the government to appeal this decision which was overturned. Preston New Road Action Group (a group of local residents) has subsequently appealed and the hearing is set for 15 March 2017. Therefore, are the strategies that are currently in place sufficient to meet all needs from both companies, the conservationists, the public and the government? To investigate and evaluate the policies and procedures required by the Shale gas companies to obtain planning permission to include Environmental Impact Assessments, are these effective, detailed sufficiently and acceptable? What are the procedures post damage or accident? Is this acceptable? Critical analyse of each perspective. Methods Materials This evaluation analysis is a desktop review and will therefore not require the participation of human, animal, and environmental subjects. Information will be sourced from scientific and law books, scientific journals, media reports and websites (such as governmental, legal and the companys websites). European Law will not be taken into consideration due to the imminent exit from the European Union. Therefore, only the Laws and policies currently in place for England and Wales are to be included. Some of the topics covered in this study will be: Environmental Law; Law Commission Report 2012; National Planning Policy Framework; Environmental Impact Assessments of the sites in the two Counties; Company information of the two companies involved Caudrilla Resources and IGas plc. The criteria used when searching for information was based upon: Environmental Law; Fracking in the UK; Legislation and policy with regard to planning in the UK; Fracking in Lancashire; Fracking in Nottinghamsh ire; Hydraulic Fracturing; Shale Gas; UK Shale Gas Fracking House of Commons 2017; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. to be completed. Not quite sure how to finish this off Chapter 2: Shale-gas Fracking 2.1 Overview of fracking. Extraction of a natural gas known as shale gas is found in shale rock formations that can be extracted by Hydraulic fracturing (fracking). The gas is mined by drilling a well down vertically until it hits the shale, then horizontally. This involves inserting high volumes of water mixed with chemicals into the rock to cause it to fracture and release the gas. See Figure 1. Currently the UK government supports fracking although concerns remain about the adequacy of current UK regulation of groundwater and surface water contamination and the assessment of the environmental impact. Figure 1. Hydraulic Fracturing and environmental concerns (Carbon Brief 2013). 2.2 Legislation and policy relevant to fracking, and wildlife conservation. Environmental regulation is intended to protect the environment. The impact and effectiveness of the legislation can be considered from several perspectives which seem to be fragmented and haphazard at best. Some of the law statutes for environmental protection include: Clean Air Act 1956 Clean Neighbourhood and Environmental Act 2005 Control of Pollution Act 1974 as amended in 1989 Environment Act 1995 Environmental Protection Act 1990 Freedom of Information Act 2000 Law of Property Act 1925 National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 Nature Conservancy Council Act 1973 Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 Town Country Planning Act 1990 Water Resources Act 1991 Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 Case Law will also be included where relevant. The principles under common law governing property rights to the subsurface and to minerals are necessary to understand the law governing activities using geological developments. The general rule (with some exceptions) is that the rights deriving from the possession or ownership of an estate in land extends upwards and downwards. The Latin phrase that expresses this rule is cujus est solum ejus est usque ad coelum et ad inferos; to whom the soil belongs, to that person it belongs all the way to the sky and the depths (Zillman et al. 2014). Therefore, permission from the land owner must be sort to enable permission for fracking to take place on privately owned land. In the case of Bocardo v Star Energy UK Onshore Ltd in 2010 the land owner sued the oil company for trespass for three wells made under its land for directional drilling. In the case Star Energy Weald Basin Limited (and another) v Bocardo SA (Supreme Court Judgment, 28 July 2010). There is no depth limit after which geolo gical formations are owned by the state and that any invasion of it must have a physical effect on the surface. It could be said therefore that considering the risks associated with fracking and public opinion generally against fracking, land owners would not allow fracking upon their land but government incentives and fracking companies payments to allow access can be a high incentive to land owners. This could influence the conservation of wildlife if directional drilling undermines a special conservation site alongside a landowner that has agreed permission. Who owns shale gas? Shale gas counts as petroleum within the meaning of the Petroleum Act 1998 and the rights are vested in Her Majesty. By section 2(1) of that Act. The Crown has the exclusive right of searching for and getting petroleum in its natural condition within Great Britain. The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) issues licenses to companies for exploration and for mining. The Oil and Gas Authority (a department within the government) is responsible for awarding onshore oil and gas licenses, which include exploratory fracking operations. On 17 December 2015, the Oil Gas Authority (OGA) announced that licences for a total of 159 blocks were formally offered to successful applicants under the 14th Onshore Oil and Gas Licensing Round (OGA 2017). Proposals for shale gas exploration or extraction in England Wales are subject to the requirements of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990 administered by the Minerals Planning Authority (MPA) for the area in which the development is located. Individual town and city planners face a difficult task, they are required to consider the future economic and social needs of the community and provide the best possible environment in which to live and work (Evans, Stephenson, and Shaw 2009). Public and conservation charities opinion and opposition to the proximity of the well sites. The legal framework for land use planning and relevant legislation will be discussed individually for Lancashire and Nottinghamshire later. In May 2015, the government issued a statement regarding sustainable development making decisions now to realise our vision of stimulating economic growth and tackling the deficit, maximising wellbeing and protecting the environment, without affecting the ability of future generations to do the same (DEFRA 2015). Each department within the government is responsible for their own policies and activities to create sustainable development with DEFRA overseeing decisions. As you will see from the statement: development, economic growth and tackling the deficit, comes as a priority before wellbeing and protecting the environment. In June 2012, the government commissioned The Royal Society to compile a Review of Hydraulic Fracturing and their initial findings concludedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The health, safety and environmental risks associated with hydraulic fracturing (often termed fracking) as a means to extract shale gas can be managed effectively in the UK as long as operational best practices are implemented and enforced through regulation (RS and RAE 2012). However, they also made ten recommendations summarised as: to detect groundwater contamination, to ensure well integrity, to mitigate induced seismicity, to detect potential leakages of gas, water usage and wastewater should be managed in an integrated way, an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) should be mandatory for all shale gas operations, best practice for risk management should be implemented. (RS and RAE 2012). These recommendations should be included within the planning and licensing applications. On the 6 April 2016, section 50 of the Infrastructure Act 2015 came into effect introducing amendments to the Petroleum Act 1998 regarding when and how consent can be issued for hydraulic fracturing in relation to the exploration and production of shale gas. The changes to the Infrastructure Act 2015 gives the shale gas companies in England Wales the means to access deep level land at least 300 metres underground for deep geothermal energy, one of which is shale gas. It also imposes a formal consent from the Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change. It also originally stated that there would be a ban on fracking in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) and Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) but SSSIs have been excluded and now allow for underground fracking. It should be noted that some regulators whom approve licenses for fracking, such as the Environment Agency, view prosecution as a last resort and prefer to adopt a compliance strategy. The Environment Agency is a government run organisation who work to create better places for people and wildlife, and support sustainable development. (Environment Agency 2017). Environmental permitting regulations cover: protecting water resources, including groundwater (aquifers), assessing and approving the use of chemicals which form part of the hydraulic fracturing fluid appropriate treatment and disposal of mining waste produced during the borehole drilling and hydraulic fracturing process suitable treatment and management of any naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) disposal of waste gases through flaring In the planning process the Environment Agency can be a statutory consultee and provides local planning authorities (county or unitary local authority) with advice on the potential risks to the environment from individual gas exploration and extraction sites (DBEIS 2017). The government publish documentation to convince the public of the strict processes companies have to adhere to before obtaining approval, operators pass rigorous health and safety, environmental and planning permission processes before any shale operation can begin in the UK (DBEIS 2017). See figure 2. Figure 2. Infographic: What happens before a company can explore for shale gas? (DBEIS 2017) 2.2 Impact on Wildlife Conservation, the concerns and public opinion. The first resource for environmental implication impact to consider is water. The quality, quantity used, accessibility of the resource and waste water disposal. Vast quantities of water mixed with proppant and chemical additives, for example: gelling and foaming agents, friction reducers, crosslinkers, breakers, pH adjusters, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, scale inhibitors, and surfactants are injected under pressure to release the shale gas and enable the gas to return to the surface. One third of them lack mammalian toxicity data (Stringfellow et al., 2014). The Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) 2013, states that it is likely to involve the use of large quantities of clean water, typically 10,000 to 30,000 m3 water per well (10,000 to 30,000 tonnes). The water may be obtained from the local water supply company sources or by abstraction from surface or groundwater (if permitted by the relevant environment agency under licence). Loss of well integrity has led to contamination of surrounding strata by fracking fluid and/or methane (Jenner and Lamadid, 2013). Most water used is locked away underground and never returned to the natural hydrological cycle. Impacts on water quality have a potential to impact on contamination of groundwater aquifer layers with either the fracking fluid used to dislodge gas, or the methane gas itself (which is of course poisonous). As you will see from the following map of Great Britain this shows drilling sites and aquafers. See figure 3. Also, to be considered is the potential surface discharges of contaminated produced water (water drawn from the formation to initiate production, which flows to the surface for life of the well) and flowback water (predominantly fracturing fluids, which comes to surface after fracking is completed and before production begins) from shale gas production that could contaminate natural surface waters. Not only is this a risk to public health but als o the biodiversity or loss of biodiversity in the relevant environment. A permit, under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010 (EPR), from the Environment Agency is required where fluids containing pollutants are injected into ground, where they may enter groundwater. To date there is no evidence that such a contamination has occurred in any site currently in Great Britain, but is it only a matter of time before an accident does occur which will affect the biodiversity of that area. Figure 3.(a) Map of UK showing location of onshore wells drilled for exploration or production and productive aquifers. (b) Map of UK showing location of potential shale gas and oil reservoirs and productive aquifers. Aquifer base map reproduced with the permission of the British Geological Survey.  ©NERC. All rights Reserved. (Davies et al. 2014). High pressure injection of water into shale formations has been linked to seismic events in Lancashire which will be discussed later. Public participation and consultation has become fundamental for energy regulators due to the intensity and immediacy of public engagement. The intense media scrutiny and broader public knowledge, as well as increased public organizations (local action groups) and the development of social media have contributed to improved citizen communication and often made local issues national and international (Zillman at al. 2015). This has resulted in public demonstrations against fracking in each local community to which fracking licensing have been granted. It would seem that much of public opinion is against fracking. The Infrastructure Bill (Jan 2015) originally said there would be a ban on fracking in National Parks, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Sites of Special Scientific Interest and introduced mandatory Environmental Impact Assessments. But just eight months later, a major U-turn on this commitment has placed some of the countrys most sensitive and precious wildlife sites at risk by excluding SSSIs from the ban and allowing licences for underground activity in highly protected wildlife sites. 2.4 Controls currently in place. In the UK, the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) followed the recommendations of the joint report of the Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering and developed a stop light protocol whereby thresholds for different acceptable levels of seismicity are defined, and if a level is breached during the hydraulic fracturing process the entire operation is to be terminated (DBEIS 2017). This procedure was implemented after seismic activity in Preston in the Lancashire shale gas area. See Figure 4. Figure 4.Infographic: Seismic activity traffic light monitoring system (DBEIS 2017) Chapter 3: Comparison of Fracking planning procedures for two Counties 3.1 Current fracking in the UK In January 2017, the House of Commons produced a Briefing Paper titled, Shale gas and fracking, which states that there has been recent approval of two planning decisions in Lancashire and North Yorkshire suggesting that commercial fracking is getting closer. 3.2 Nottinghamshire County Council Further public consultation is required before Nottinghamshire County Councils Planning and Licensing Committee can consider a planning application for an exploratory shale gas well-site on land off the A634 between Barnby Moor and Blyth. Dart Energy is seeking planning permission to undertake exploratory drilling for shale gas at the site, known as Tinker Lane. The application is for exploratory drilling, to check the suitability of the rock for shale gas extraction. Nottinghamshire County Councillors will consider the countys second planning application to undertake exploratory drilling for shale gas at the Planning and Licensing Committee meeting on Tuesday 21 March. The application was submitted by Dart Energy in May last year to drill one exploratory vertical well 3,300 metres deep and three sets of groundwater monitoring boreholes on land off the A634 between Barnby Moor and Blyth The application is not seeking permission to carry out any hydraulic fracturing, known as fracking. The application site, which is currently open farm land, is around one mile north of Barnby Moor and 1.5 miles south east of Blyth. Permission is sought for a temporary period of up to three years, with the drilling taking place for approximately four months. The County Council has received over 800 representations from the local community and a petition. (NCC) 3.3 Lancashire County Council On 1 April and 27 May 2011 two earthquakes with magnitudes 2.3 and 1.5 were felt in the Blackpool area. These earthquakes were suspected to be linked to hydraulic fracture treatments at the Preese Hall well operated by Cuadrilla Resources Ltd. Thus, operations were suspended at Preese Hall and Cuadrilla Resources Ltd were requested to undertake a full technical study into the relationship between the earthquakes and their operations. Cuadrilla submitted to DECC a synthesis report with a number of technical appendices on 2 November 2011, and published this material on their website. These reports examine seismological and geomechanical aspects of the seismicity in relation to the hydraulic fracture treatments, along with detailed background material on the regional geology and rock physics. They also estimated future seismic hazard and proposed recommendations for future operations to mitigate seismic risk. Further information supplied by Cuadrilla in the course of this assessment is available as Annexes below. The independent experts have now made recommendations to DECC for mitigating the risk of induced seismicity resulting from continued hydraulic fracturing at Preese Hall, Lancashire and elsewhere in Great Britain. (OGA 2017) 3.4 Organisation responses; Igas and Caudrilla 3.5 General public and conservationists responses (Wildlife Trust etc.) Chapter 4 : Discussion 4.1 Comparison of the two counties policies and procedures. 4.2 Proposed further exploration sites and possible impacts, compensation etc. Interpretation of the literature generally and in relation to the two counties. Analogy with mining and the collapse of the industry in the UK. Political party in government and their views. Limitations of the study Chapter 5 : Conclusion and Suggestions for further research A summary. Critically evaluate the dissertation. Is there enough protection for wildlife conservation? Recommendations for further research. REFERENCES Carbon Brief. 2013. Carbon Briefing: what does extracting shale gas mean for the local environment?Science. Available at: https://www.carbonbrief.org/carbon-briefing-what-does-extracting-shale-gas-mean-for-the-local-environment. Davies, R.J., Almond, S., Ward, R.S., Jackson, R.B., Adams, C., Worrall, F., Herringshaw, L.G., Gluyas, J.G., and Whitehead, M.A. 2014. Oil and gas wells and their integrity: Implications for shale and unconventional resource exploitation. Marine and Petroleum Geology. 1-16. Delebarre, J., Ares, E., and Smith, L. 4 January 2017. House of Commons Library Briefing. Number 6073. Shale gas and fracking. Evans, D., Stephenson, M, and Shaw, R. 2009. The present and future use of land below ground. Land Use Policy 26S. S302-S316. Finkel M.L., and Hays J. 2016. Environmental and health impacts of fracking: why epidemiological studies are necessary. J Epidemiol Community Health. Vol 70. No 3. Great Britain. 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