Language Development in early childhood

Language Development in early childhood Introduction Language development refers to the process of deliberate communication using sounds, gestures, or symbols which can be understood by other people (Machado, 1985). Language is double perspectives process which forms the basis for other forms of learning. These two aspects include communicating information, and listening to others (Training Module, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in early childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Existing theories acknowledge early childhood as a period during which physical and cognitive developmental processes occur rapidly. These developments form the basis upon which personal success will depend. Language development is one such process that fully depends on the factors presented during this phase of personal growth (Otto, 2010). Stages Language development Children undergo various stages in their acquisition of language skills. The followi ng phases depicts a typical sequences through which the skills develops, although their are diversities in the pattern of growth from child to child (Corporation for National Services [CNS], U.S. Department of Education, U.S. department of Health and Human Services, 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Stage 1: concerns a newborn, whereby it responds to sounds including voices through cries, smiles and coos. Stage 2: concern infant aged between 3 to 8 months; the time during which he or she begins to play with sounds, as well as babbling to others in conjunction to self. Also, in this stage language development is expressed through the waving of arms and kicking of legs. Stage 3: concerns children aged between 8 to 12 months and she or he understands and can react to basic words and signs. Stage 4: deals with children of age 12 to 18 months, the period during which a normal child starts to utter basic words and to follow very basic instructions. In addition, a normal child kn ows its name, and can chatter with a sequence of syllables that mimic expressions. Stage 5: concerns children aged between 18 to 24 months old; the level at which a child can construct two-word phrases, and imitate words and gestures of the grown-ups. It can also ask as well as answer general queries. Promoting child language development The process of promoting language development in children must take into consideration the development stage of the child. The following are some of the ways through which a child’s parent or caregiver can promote language development pertaining to the stage of development (Training Module, 2007). Newborn: Reaction to the child’s cries indicates to the child that s/he can communicate something to you and get a response (Lagoni et al, 1989, cited in Training Module, 2007). 3 to 8 months: it is encouraged that during this stage, the child’s custodian sings to the child while changing his or her diaper. Also, it has been discove red that playing peek-a-boo to the infant enhance language development (CNS et al., cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, the caregiver or parent is encouraged to describe daily routines to the child while performing them (Machado, 1985). 8 to 12 months: During this stage it is commended that the parent or caregiver uses the baby’s name repeatedly, perhaps by incorporating the name in simple rhythmical expressions or songs so that she or he can start to recognize it. , (CNS et al., 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, Machado (1985) recommends giving names to the toys, foods, and other objects surrounding the child. 12 to 18 months: caregiver is advised to entice the child to converse on a toy telephone (CNS et al., 1997, cited in Training Module, 2007). Also, caregiver or parent should present rhymes and finger games to the child (Lagoni et al., 1989, cited in Training Module, 2007). 18 to 24 months: during this stage parent or caregiver is encouraged to talk about the previous day’s events, and what will transpire the next day. Concepts of child language development There are five concepts of language development which emerge in children’s receptive and communicative language processes. The receptive language skills maturity precedes and lay the foundation for the development of expressive language process. The following paragraphs will explore these concepts of language development in children (Otto, 2010). To begin with, the phonetic development in toddlerhood involves their ability to express their viewpoints, and constructions of phonemes. Phonemes refers to â€Å"a speech sound that distinguishes one word from another, e.g. the sounds d and t in the words bid and bit. A phoneme is the smallest phonetic unit that can carry meaning† [Encarta Dictionary]. This concept of language development begins to express during toddlerhood when she or he begins to articulate a range of terms. At first, the child’s pronunci ation is unsteadily characterized with day to day variations, and in some cases shorter intervals. In addition, some variations have been observed between children in regard of the mastering of certain syllable (Otto, 2010).Advertising Looking for essay on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondly, semantic language development in infancy entails initial connection of speech to meaning, conception and receptive semantic ability, direct and vivid events, symbol development signifying speech, and expressive semantic ability. On the other hand, the concept of semantic language development presents between the age 1 and 2. At this stage, the toddler possesses a range of 20 to 170 terms in his or her useful vocabulary. Semantic development depicts variation from child to child depending on their respective familial experiences and background. While the child’s language will undergo gradual transition wi th age, the idiomorphs will still be retained in the child’s verbal expressions. In their hyperactive exploration of their environment, toddlers discover the identity of people and objects (Otto, 2010). Furthermore, semantic understanding of toddles and arising literacy, increasingly progress during the toddler stage of a child’s language development process. Also, the child consciousness of environmental features and meaning, like stop signs, brand on food packets, and McDonalds’s logos increases. This consciousness of written symbols is normally expressed in their behaviors with inscribed materials within their familial environment (Otto, 2010). Thirdly, the concept of syntactic language development on infants concerns the syntactic understanding and story book experiences. Conventionally, infants who are engaged in story book experiences with parent or caregiver get exposed to more complex syntactic arrangement relative those involved in routine conversationa l environment. Noteworthy, as infants approach age 1, their verbal and non-verbal participation increase. On the other side, syntactic learning development in toddlers involves syntactic organization in telegraphic speech, mastering of pronouns, and emergent literacy coupled with syntactic ability (Otto, 2010). Fourthly, the concept of morphemic language development in infants is influenced by phonemic ability. Development of morphemic understanding is dependent upon the skill to identify sound differences related with inflectional morphemes such as; tense indicators, plurals, and possessiveness. Thus, receptive understanding of the meaning transforming features of morphemic develops with the experiences of spoken and read language. In addition, the development of morphemes skill gets clearer when toddlers start to exercise language. This stage is significant in development of morphemic understanding in regard that noun verb compatibility in English impact on the use of inflectional morphemes (Otto, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Language Development in early childhood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Language development in children is largely dependent on the characteristic of the environment within which the child grows. Experiences of a child determine the rate at which a child develops language skills. The degree of parent or caregiver interaction with a child plays a very significant role in a child language development. Also, health issues can slow a child language understanding. Reference List Otto, B. W. (2010) Language Development in Early Childhood Education (3rd Edition).Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Machado, J. M. (2010). Early childhood experiences in language arts: early literacy. Belmont, U.S.; Cengage learning. Training Module. (2007). Language Development of Infants and Toddlers. HighReach learning

Which Fields Have the Highest Paying Administrative Jobs

Which Fields Have the Highest Paying Administrative Jobs According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, administrative assistant jobs are projected to grow by 13.2 percent by 2022. This ever-changing job title comes with a variety of  duties and levels of responsibility, depending on the employer. Administrative professionals  are reportedly assuming more managerial tasks across the board, requiring more skills and knowledge than ever before.Fields that employ administrators are far-ranging- if youre looking for work in the field, you have many  options to consider. Salaries vary depending on the type of administration, experience, and education level.  Lets take a look at some of the most lucrative fields.Real Estate AdministratorAdministration in the real estate field may include recruiting, training and hiring of personnel. Management of the client database, generating leads, and doing follow-ups can also be part of the job description. Real estate administration duties can also include financial responsibilities:  making budget s, paying bills, and handling bank accounts.Working as a real estate administrator pays an average of $46,000 per year, depending  on your location and size of the agency.Legal Administrative AssistantThe Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that administrative support in the legal industry offers among the highest pay- and that can include overtime. While the average annual earnings are $48,000, the amount often increases due to  bonuses and profit sharing. In addition, medical and dental coverage are frequently provided.Youll need to have knowledge of legal terms and principles (as well as the ability to write correspondence and draft documents using these  terms) to be competitive in this niche.Business AdministratorBusiness administrators work in many fields and industries: sales, retail, hospitality, and  management operations are a few. Among other duties, a business administrator may oversee a companys budget and finances and analyze sales reports.Those with associate d egrees may earn  from $25,000 to $50,000 annually; a bachelors degree can bump the annual average salary  up to around $88,000.Academic AdministratorThis support job for teaching departments handles administrative  duties  along with tasks like  resource planning, scheduling, logistics, and project management. The average salary of an academic administrator is around $90,000 for elementary and secondary schools.Database AdministratorThis type of administrator organizes and stores data on special programs, such as   shipping records for customers or  financial information for institutions. To be a database administrator, you must  be able to install, upgrade, configure, and maintain an organizations databases. The average annual  pay of a database administrator is $78,500 per year.Financial AdministratorFinancial administrators, who carry  responsibility for budget information, accounts receivable and payable, and the preparation of financial reports, can work for a large number of different companies: from banks to schools and retail companies. Salary is dependent on the type and size of the company and the duties required.The average salary for this position is around $46,000, but may range between $32,000 and $66,000.When looking for a job, there are many things to consider, such as different fields of employment for which you may be qualified, particularly if you are pursuing a career as an administrator. TheJobNetwork can do your job searching for you by sending you alerts when a job matching your qualifications and interests comes up. The advantage of doing this type of job search is that you are notified right away when appropriate jobs arise, instead of having to perform the search yourself. Once you enter your job interests and qualifications, you can be alerted or you can perform searches yourself to find the perfect job for you.